• thermodynamics applied to natural systems
• pressure and temperature dependence of aqueous and mineral equilibria
• activity-composition relations, redox chemistry, complexation and mineral-water equilibria
• geothermometry and geobarometry
• computer software for thermodynamic calculations 

• fundamentals of geochemical kinetics
• mechanisms and rates of biological and chemical reactions in aquatic systems
• mineral-water interface kinetics (adsorption, dissolution, nucleation, and crystal growth)
• reactive transport modeling (aquifer geochemistry and early diagenesis)

• isotopic variability in geological systems - causes, techniques of measurement, and interpretations
• geochemistry of radioactive and radiogenic species
• radioactive dating methods
• isotopic fractionation in the hydrologic cycleisotopic geothermometry, paleothermometry, and paleoclimatology

• chemical composition of natural waters
• mineral weathering and solubility
• multicomponent chemical equilibrium calculations
• acids, bases, buffers, and alkalinity
• redox equilibria in natural waters
• cation binding by mineral surfaces and dissolved organic matter

Not available
 

• physics, chemistry, biology, history of the oceans
• physical chemistry of seawater (salts, nutrients, carbonate system)
• surface and deep ocean circulation, waves, tides
• air-sea gas exchange, solubility of gases
• stable isotopes, radiocarbon, ventilation ages

biological production, iron hypothesis
• marine sediments, paleoceanography and pCO2

• geochemistry of natural organic matter
• global carbon cycle
• isolation, composition, and structure of natural organic matter
• acid-base chemistry, metal complexation, and bioavailability of natural organic matter
• association of humic substances with hydrophobic organic compounds and mineral surfaces 

 

• carbon fixation: origin of life, photosynthesis, methanogenesis, nutrients
• carbon oxidation: mineralization, inhibition/competition, gas hydrates and methane oxidation
• nitrogen cycle: N fixation, symbiosis with the rhizosphere, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification
• metal cycling: speciation, oxidation, anoxygenic phototrophs, reduction, detoxification, uptake of essential elements
• sulfur cycle: sulfur oxidizers, sulfate reduction, microbial diversity, oxidation of sulfur minerals

• model assessment (fitting statistics, calibration, sensitivity, validation) 
• governing equations and analytical/numerical solutions: diffusion- dispersion, advection-dispersion,
• reactive transport, wave propagation, nonlinear and chaotic processes 
• box models: 1D and 2D steady-state and transient models 
• discretization of equations/implementation on computers 
• numerical methods, stability, iterative solutions, algorithm development, explicit vs. implicit techniques 
• inverse models, stochastic models, and Monte Carlo techniques 
• introduction to spectral and finite-element methods